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1/ Although/ though/ even though / Much as  ( Mặc dù)  + clause ( Mệnh đề)

Eg : - Although / though / even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work.

= He tried to finish work although/ though/ even though he was tired. ( Mặc dù anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)

2/  Despite/ In spite of   ( Mặc dù)    +  sth/ doing sth

Eg : - Despite/ In spite of  being tired, he tried to finish his work. (Mặc dù anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)

- Despite/ In spite of  the bad weather, we still set off. ( Mặc dù thời tiết xấu nhưng chúng tôi vẫn khởi hành)

- Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night.( Mặc dù chân đau nhưng anh ấy vẫn về nhà trước khi trời tối)

= Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he ...................

= Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he ..........

= Despite        the fact that his leg was broken, he ...........

   In spite of

3/  Because/ As / Since + clause ( Bởi vì)

Eg : - Because /  As/ Since she was tired she went to bed early.( Bởi vì mệt cho nên cô đi ngủ sớm)

= She went to bed early for she was tired.

* Notes :  Because of + nouns / V-ing

Eg : - We had to stay at home because it was raining.( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời đang mưa)

= Because of the rain, we had to stay at home. ( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời mưa)

- Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early.

4/  So that + clause ( Để ...)

Eg : - I speak slowly so that they can understand. ( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)

5/  In order to/ So as to ( Để ..)

* In order /  So as    to do sth  ( Để làm gì ) 

Eg :- I wrote a letter to my mother so as to / in order to inform her of my new job.

( Tôi viết thư  cho mẹ để thông báo về công việc mới của tôi)

* In order   /  So as  not to do sth ( Để không làm gì)

Eg : - I walked in quietly in order / so as not to wake the children up. (Tôi đi khẽ vào để không đánh thức lũ trẻ)

* In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì)

Eg : - I speak slowly in order for them to understand.( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)

6/ Furthermore, besides, moreover, what's more ( Ngoài ra)

Eg : - The coat is soft.  Besides,  it is warm. ( Cái áo khoác thì mềm. Ngoài ra nó còn ấm.)

Furthermore,

Moreover,

What's more

7/ But (nhưng), however, nevertheless (tuy nhiên)

Eg : - He is rich but mean. ( Anh ta giàu có nhưng keo kiệt)

- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.

- They hadn't trained hard; but/however/ nevertheless they won.

- He had no qualifications, but he got the job.

8/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngược lại)

Eg : - Mr Pike is very generous while / whereas his wife is very mean.

9/ So, therefore, consequently  ( Do  đó , cho nên, vì thế )

Eg : - It started to rain, so we went home.

       - He came back late, therefore his father got angry.

10/ And ( Và )

Eg : - I play football and tennis.

       - I want you to buy that house and  move there.

11/ Not only ... but also ...( Không  những mà còn)

* Dùng với động từ : - They not only lent me their car but also offered me a meal.

( Họ không những cho tôi mượn xe mà còn mời tôi ăn)

* Dùng với danh từ  : - Mike plays not only football but also tennis.

*Dùng với trạng từ : - She writes not only correctly but also neatly.

*Dùng vớicụm giới từ : - The Beatles are famous not only in their country but also in other countries.

*Dùng với tính từ: - He's not only intelligent but also handsome

12/ As well as ( Cũng như)

* Đi với danh từ : - The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the concert.

( Thầy giáo cùng với học sinh đi nghe hòa nhạc)

- My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this afternoon.Þ Động từ  chia cho danh từ  đứng trước.

*Đi với  V-ing : - She works in a company as well as writing books for children.

( Cô ấy làm việc cho một công ty đồng thời còn viết sách cho trẻ em)

* Đi với tính từ : - He's not only intelligent but also handsome =  He's intelligent as well as handsome.

13/ Both .....and...    *Đi với tính từ

Eg : - He's both intelligent and handsome.

*Đi với danh  từ

Eg : - Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( Cả Nam và Hoa đều muốn đi xem hát)

14/ Either ... or ...( Hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia)

* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ

- You can take either this hat or that one.( Cậu có thể lấy cái mũ này hoặc cái kia)

*  Dùng với mệnh đề

- Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you.( Hoặc là anh xin lỗi hoặc là tôi phải nói lời chia tay)

*  Dùng với danh từ làm chủ  ngữ

- Either John or his friends have to go. ® Động từ  chia cho danh từ  đứng sau.

15/ Neither ... nor ....( Không cái này và cũng không cái  kia)

*  Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ

- Neither John nor Mary is going to class today.

- Neither John nor his cousins are going to ........

Þ Động từ chia cho danh từ  đứng sau.

* Dùng với động từ

- She can't read and she can't write either. = She can neither read nor write.

*  Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ

- She can speak neither English nor French.

 

PHẦN 2. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

 

Exercise 1

1.       She's not only beautiful_________ intelligent.

          a. but also                    b. but                         c. however                   d. yet

2.       I was very tired, ________ I determined to walk on to the next village.

          a. therefore                  b. however                c. and                          d. or

3.       You can come here either on Monday__________ on Friday.

          a. or                             b. nor                         c. both                         d. and

4.       He had to act immediately; ________ he would have been too late.

          a. consequently           b. nevertheless           c. still                           d. otherwise

5.       They said both he_________ I were to come.

          a. and                          b. but                         c. or                             d. so

6.       The weather in Dalat is neither too hot in summer________ too cold in winter.

          a. or                             b. nor                         c. or else                      d. otherwise

7.       Jane is beautiful and intelligent________

          a. too                           b. so                           c. both                         d. moreover

8.       Jane is beautiful and intelligent; ________ she's very kind.

          a. moreover                 b. however                c. for all that               d. on the other hand

9.       He never works_______ he gains all the prizes.

          a. furthermore             b. whereas                 c. but                           d. accordingly

10.     The sun is shining and there are very few clouds; _______, I am sure it is going to rain.

          a. what's more             b. hence                     c. thus                          d. nevertheless

11.     Bill is in class 12, _______ John, who is a year older, is only in class 4.

          a. and                          b. whereas                 c. either                       d. nevertheless

12.     You must leave at once, ________ you miss the train.

          a. however                   b. yet                         c. still                           d. otherwise

13.     You need to get some job retraining. _______ it, you risk being laid off.

          a. If so                         b. If not                     c. With                        d. Without

14.     Could I have rice_______ potatoes, please?

          a. but                           b. but also                  c. instead                     d. instead of

15.     _______His denial, we knew that he was guilty.

          a. Despite                    b. In spite                  c. Because                   d. And

16.     John's family is very happy_______his being a warded a scholarship.

          a. because of               b. if                            c. either                       d. nor

17.     Graphite is a soft, slippery solid that is a good conductor of_______ hear and electricity.

          a. not just                    b. and                        c. both                         d. moreover

18.     The lecture was _______ interesting and instructive.

          a. as                             b. either                     c. neither                     d. both

19.     Both Mary and Allen_______Jean are going on the tour.

          a. as well                     b. as well as               c. nor                           d. but

20.     He likes travel, and_______ does she.

          a. too                           b. such                       c. so                             d. but

 

Exercise 2

1.       I'm worried about it, and he is_______

          a. too                           b. also                        c. but also                    d. a or b

2.       He borrowed money_______ he could finish his education.

          a. that                          b. so that                   c. such as                     d. too

3.       The temperature drops_______ the sun sets.

          a. while                        b. for                         c. because                    d. when

4.       Some birds cannot fly well, _______, the chicken has wings, but its flying muscles are not strong enough to be useful.

          a. for example             b. for instance           c. such as                     d. a or b

5.       The missing piece is small, _______ nevertheless important.

          a. or                             b. but                         c. and                          d. so

6.       I'm very homesick_______ a student a broad.

          a. as                             b. while                     c. because of               d. due to

7.       Just_______ he died, my friend who wrote poetry published his first book.

          a. but                           b. either                     c. and                          d. before

8.       Blindfish, which spend their whole lives in caves, have _______ eyes nor body pigments.

          a. not any                    b. either                     c. nor                           d. without

9.       _______their small size, the cameras take good pictures.

          a. In spite of                b. Despite of             c. Because                   d. And

10.     She could not decide_______ to drive_______ to jump into water.

          a. both/ or                    b. not only/ but also  c. either/ or                  d. whether/or

11.     Flying is not only faster, _______ safer than traveling by car.

          a. also                          b. so                           c. and                          d. but also

12.     Beth can play the guitar_______ the violin.

          a. also                          b. so                           c. but also                    d. and

13.     _______his physical handicap, he  has become a successful businessman.

          a. Although                 b. In spite of              c. Despite                    d. b or c

14.     I like bananas, _______ my brother doesn’t

          a. because                    b. and                        c. but                           d. even though

15.     Glucose does not have to be digested, _______ it can be put directly into the bloodstream.

          a. so                             b. while                     c. and since                  d. such

16.     _______few species that live on the ground, most monkeys live in tress.

          a. There are                 b. A                           c. All but                     d. Except for

17.     She closed the door_______ left for the city.

          a. and                          b. but                         c. or                             d. therefore

18.     The mail comes at ten o'clock every day_______ Sunday.

          a. except                      b. although                c. or                             d. and

19.     We need wither a nail_______ a screw to hang this picture.

          a. and                          b. or                           c. both                         d. but

20.     You had better come yourself_______ send a friend.

          a. either                       b. neither                   c. or else                      d. while