PHẦN 1. LÝ THUYẾT
- MODALS
I/ Can
1. Form
* S + can + V
* S + can't + V
* Can + S + V ?
2. The use * Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì ở hiện tại
Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.
- Can you speak English ?
- Yes, I can / No, I can't
* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu ai làm gì
Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?
- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't
*Dùng trong lời xin phép làm gì
Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( Tôi có thể xin chút cà phê nữa đượ chứ ?)
II/ Could
1. Form
* S + Could + V
* S + couldn't + V
* Could + S + V ?
2. The use
*Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì trong quá khứ
Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.
* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nhờ ông chỉ giúp đường tới ngân hàng)
* Được dùng khi muốn xin phép làm gì
Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (Tôi có thể nói chuyện với ông Baker được không ?)
* So sánh giữa could và was/were able to (có thể)
- Could để chỉ khả năng nói chung
- was / were able to để chỉ khả năng ai đó làm một việc gì trong một tình huống cụ thể.
Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.
- His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it.
( Hôm qua nhà ông ấy bị cháy. Rất may là ông ta đã thoát ra được)
III/ Must
1. Form
* S + must + V
* S + mustn't + V
* Must + S + V ?
2. The use * Diễn tả điều chắc chắn xảy ra ở hiện tại
Eg : - He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi bộ suốt 2 tiếng đồng hồ. Chắc hẳn anh ta rất mệt)
* Diễn tả một nghĩa vụ, điều cần thiết phải làm.
Eg : - You must work hard. ( Anh phải làm việc chăm)
* So sánh giữa must và have to (phải)
- Have to có thể được dùng ở hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tương lai.
Eg : - I have to clean the door now.
- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday.
- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow.
- Must không được dùng ở quá khứ. Dùng had to thay must trong quá khứ.
Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow.
- He had to go to London yesterday.
- Mustn't do sth : Không được phép làm gì
- Not have to do sth : Không cần phải làm gì
Eg : - You mustn't smoke here. (Các anh không được hút thuốc ở đây)
- You don't have to do this. (Anh không cần phải làm việc này)
IV/ May ( Có lẽ)
1. Form
* S + may + V
* S + mayn't (may not) + V
* May + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng để đưa ra phỏng đoán
Eg : - He may be in his room now. ( Có lẽ anh ấy đang ở trong phòng)
= Perhaps he is in his room now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- She may be watching TV now. ( Có lẽ cô ấy đang xem ti vi)
= Perhaps she is watching TV now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngày mai có thể nó sẽ đi London)
= Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow.
Maybe
* Dùng trong câu xin phép
Eg : - May I sit here ?
* Dùng trong lời đề nghị
Eg : - May I do this for you ?
V/ Might
1. Form :
* S + might + V
* S + mightn't (might not) + V
* Might + S + V ?
2. The use Giống như cách sử dụng của May
VI/ Should ( Nên)
1. Form
* S + should + V
* S + shouldn't ( should not) + V
* Should + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng trong lời khuyên
Eg : - You should drink milk.
- You shouldn't smoke.
VII/ Ought to = Should
1. Form
* S + ought to + V
* S + oughtn't to + V
* Ought + S + to + V ?
2. The use * Cách dùng giống như should
VIII/ Need (Cần)
1. Form
* S + need + V
* S + needn't + V
* Need + S + V ?
2. The use
* Diễn tả điều cần thiết phải làm
Eg : - Need I go ? ( Tôi có cần phải đi không ? )
- Yes, you must / No, you needn't - You needn't go
Notes : Khi need là động từ khuyết thiếu, nó thường được dùng với câu hỏi và câu phủ định.
- Need có thể được dùng như động từ thường. Sau need là động từ nguyên thể (to-infinitive)
Eg : - Do I need to go ?
- You don't need to go. - She needs to go.
* Cách sử dụng đặc biệt của need
sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì đó cần được làm)
Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.
B/ MODALS + PERFECT INFINITIVE
1. Must have done
* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ
Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it.
( Cách đây vài phút có tiếng nổ lớn. Chắc hẳn cậu đã nghe thấy)
- He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad.
( Hôm qua anh ta bị điểm kém. Chắn chắn là anh ta rất buồn )
2. Can't/ Couldn't have done
* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car.
= Surely, he didn't steal your car.
- Ông Smith ở Paris hôm qua cho nên chắc chắn ông ta không thể lấy cắp chiếc xe của ông được.
3. May/ Might have done
* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I left them at my friend's . ( Tôi không thể tìm thấy kính. Có lẽ tôi đã để quên ở nhà bạn tôi)
4. May/ Might not have done
* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved.
( Vợ ông ta sáng nay không vui. Có lẽ ông ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà bà ấy thích)
= Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved.
5. Should have done = Ought to have done
* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã nên làm trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to see it. ( Hôm qua tôi không đi xem phim. Bộ phim rất hay. Lẽ ra tôi nên đi xem thì hơn)
6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done
Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have stayed at home. ( Tại sao hôm qua cậu không đi thăm bác ? Bác ấy muốn gặp cậu. Lẽ ra cậu đã không nên ở nhà)
Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( Tôi cảm thấy mệt)
- You shouldn't have eaten so much.
( Cậu lẽ ra đã không nên ăn quá nhiều)
7. Needn't have done
* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã không cần phải làm trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em cái mũ)
- Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (Lẽ ra anh không cần phải mua. Bố em đã mua cho em rồi)
PHẦN 2. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1
1. When my father was young, he _____ work in the garden for long hours.
a. can b. could c. will d. should
2. He_____ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. won't d. couldn't
3. Since we have to be there by 8.30, we_____ take a taxi.
a. had better b. may c. ought d. are able to
4. It_____ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?
a. could be b. must c. might d. had better
5. _____ you help me with the homework?
a. May b. Shall c. Should d. Will
6. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She_____ be really hungry.
a. might b. will c. must d. can
7. I put my keys on the table, but now it's gone. Someone_____ have taken it.
a. may b. had to c. should d. would rather
8. Daisy is reading her English test because she has a test tomorrow. She_____ be studying.
a. will b. should c. must d. can
9. We _____ put the fish in the fridge before it spoils.
a. had to b. may c. can d. had better
10. Mr. Brown is very rich. He_____ work hard for a living.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. doesn't have to
11. Tom has just got a new job. He_____ be very pleased.
a. might b. must c. should d. will
12. Tom panted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another colour.
a. should b. must c. could d. may
13. _____ you carry this bag for me?
a. May b. Should c. Will d. Shall
14. You _____ throw litter on the streets.
a. mustn't b. couldn't d. needn't d. won't
15. My mother permitted me to go out at night. She said, "You_____ go out tonight".
a. may b. have to c. must d. ought to
16. It is possible that she will come to our party tonight. She come her tonight.
a. need b. may c. should d. will
17. They can type. They_____ type.
a. lean how to b. are able to c. know how to d. both B &C
18. He advised me to take an English course. I_____ take it early.
a. should b. shall c. will d. may
19. I'd rather_____ in the field than_____ home.
a. to work/ to stay b. work /stay c. working/ staying d. worked/stayed
20. As an orphan, he _____ earn his living alone.
a. have to c. has had to c. ought to d. had to
Exercise 2
1. They prayed that their daughter_____ be lucky again.
a. may b. will c. could d. might
2. He _____ all that money, so she could save some.
a. didn't need to spend b. needn't have spent
c. shouldn't spend d. oughtn't to spend
3. He spent all that money last week. He_____ so much.
a. didn't need to spend b. shouldn't spend
c. needn't have spent d. didn't have to spend
4. He had to work hard so that he _____ his family.
a. may support b. supported c. can support d. might support
5. They have plenty of time, so they need not_____
a. be hurry b. to hurry c. hurry d. to be hurry
6. You're having a sore throat. You'd better_____ to the doctor.
a. to go b. went c. go d. going
7. I would rather_____ poor but happy than become rich without happiness.
a. being b. he c. to be d. was
8. Sit down please _____ a cup of tea?
a. Do you like b. Do you like to drink
c. Would you like d. Will you like
9. Must you come when your neighbout calls?
No, I_____
a. must not b. mustn't c. don't have to d. must not come
10. May I have 2 tickets, please? two tickets, please?
a. You must given me b. You have got to give me
c. Could I have d. You may give me
11. He will have to stay in hospital. That's what he_____
a. has done b. must do c. must be doing d. must have done
12. Do you have to buy this hat? No, I _____. It isn't necessary.
a. mustn't b. won't c. needn't d. don't need
13. A man never have too many ties. It's ______
a. unable b. impossible c. improbable d. incapable
14. It could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz.
a. might not b. may not c. mustn't d. wasn't able to
15. This plane could get over the mountain if it rose to 10,000 feet. This means it______ over the mountains.
a. would succeed in getting b. got c. was bale to get d. had got
16. The plane was then able to rise. This means it______
a. could rise b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d. rose
17. Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole. It would be______.
a. impossible b. necessary c. able d. possible
18. He ought not______ him but she did.
a. to tell b. to telling c. tell d. to have told
19. I’d rather you______ that.
a. do b. don't do c. won't do d. didn't do
20. ______ run so fast?
a. Does he need b. Need he to c. Need he d. Needs he
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